Nanotechnology

                NANOTECHNOLOGY


Introduction:


As the word suggest nano + technology, is exactly you sounds which means technology at nanoscale which is around 10-100 nanometers in large. Nanotechnology is defined as the manipulation and manufacture of materials and devices on the scale of atoms or small groups of atoms. The ‘nanoscale’ is typically measured in nanometers or billionths of meter and materials build by this exhibit characteristics due to quantum mechanical effects. The term “Nanotechnology” was first coined by Norio Taniguchi of the Tokyo Science University in 1974. Nanotechnology, narrowly defined, employs controlled manipulation of these properties to create materials and functional systems with unique capabilities and characteristics. Nanotechnology is one of the maximum promising technology of the twenty first century. It has the ability to convert the nanoscience theory to useful applications by observing, measuring, manipulating, assembling, controlling and production at the nano scale.

After more than 20 years of research in nanoscience, research & applications of nanotechnology are delivering in both expected and unexpected ways on nanotechnology to gain maximum benefit to the society. Nanotechnology is supporting to extensively improve, even revolutionize, many generations of technology and industry sectors: information technology, hometown security, medicine, transportation, energy, food safety, and environmental science, amongst many others. Described under is a sampling of the rapidly growing list of benefits and advancement as well as application of nanotechnology.

Few applications are mentioned below-

1. Sunscreens and cosmetics: these products contain nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide which have a comparable UV protection property. Nanosized titanium dioxide and zinc oxide used in sunscreens as they absorb and reflect ultraviolet rays and yet are transparent to visible light and are so appealing to the consumer. These particles are sometimes used in lipsticks as well.



2. Batteries: Nano-engineered materials in automotive products include high-power rechargeable battery systems; thermoelectric materials for temperature control; tires with lower rolling resistance; high-efficiency/low-valued sensors and electronics; thin-film clever solar panels; and fuel and gas additives components for cleaner exhaust and prolonged range. Nickle-metal hydride batteries made up of nanocrystalline nickel and metal hydride are envisioned to require less frequent recharging and to last longer because of larger surface area.

3. Catalyst: since nanoparticles have larger surface which leads to higher catalytic activity. Nanoparticles serve as best catalyst to boost up the reaction. This reduces the quantity of catalytic substances vital to supply demanded results, saving cash and lowering pollutants. Platinum nanoparticles are now being looked as the upgraded generation of automotive catalytic converters. For instance reduction of nickel oxide to the base metal Ni. Two large programs are petroleum refining and automotive catalytic converters.

4. Medicine: nanotechnology is definitely a boon to medical industry by providing drugs to specific cells. Nanotechnology has found its way to treat patients with direct delivery of drugs to the effected cells, even now days deadly cells such as cancerous cells can be eradicated by treatment. Better imaging and diagnostic tools such as nano-cameras can be send inside body to detect or have a proper idea which enable nanotechnology a paving the way for earlier diagnosis, more individualized treatment and better therapeutic success rates. The design and engineering of advanced solid-state nanopore materials allows for the development and enrichment of novel gene sequencing technologies that enables single-molecule detection at low cost and high speed with minimal sample preparation and instrumentation. Nanotechnology helps to reproduce or repair damaged tissue.



5. Environment: Nanotechnology helps us to meet the demands of affordable, clean drinking water through rapid and lower cost determination of impurities. Nanoparticles are being advanced to easy commercial water pollutantion in ground water via chemical reactions that render the pollutantion harmless. This manner might fee much less than techniques that require pumping the water out of the ground for treatment. Researchers have produced a nanofabric "paper towel" woven from tiny wires of potassium manganese oxide that can take in 20 times instances of its weight in oil for cleanup applications. Researchers have also researched and advanced magnetic water-repellent nanoparticles in oil spills and used magnets to mechanically remove the oil from the water.

Conclusion:

Nanotechnology is a groundbreaking field that has capability to transform various industries and to improve the quality of life. From medicine to food, from chemical manipulation to processed items nanotechnology offers unprecedented opportunities for innovation. It is a swiftly increasing region of studies with massive ability to revolutionise our lives & to offer technological answers to our troubles in agriculture, energy, the environment and medicine.



IILMUNIVERSITY, Greater Noida

@rikshita.hota.bt26@iilm.edu 

@iilm.ac.in


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